The human body routinely encounters many threatening infectious agents, including Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli.

Upon infection, E. coli induces the formation of pedestals.  Several cytoskeletal components are involved in the formation of these pedestals.

 

Salmonella invasion involves a type III secretion system (Spi-1) that injects bacterial proteins into host cell.  This then causes actin rearrangement, ruffling, and bacterial engulfment.